来自专家测试者的无障碍开发三课_AI阅读总结 — 包阅AI

Computer engineer Suleyman Gokyigit has a requirement for his development team that’s a bit unusual: Programmers must talk with people with accessibility issues.

For Gokyigit, accessibility isn’t just a professional issue. It is a personal one as well — he’s been blind since he was two years old.

In addition to being the chief information officer for FIRE, a First Amendment advocacy group, he works as a testing expert with the accessibility testing firm Applause. Gokyigit recently spoke with The New Stack to share what he’s learned about developing for accessibility as a technologist and as a user.

“As somebody with blindness, I rely so much on technology,” he said. “Everything that I do is on the computer and using websites.”

Gokyigit’s Personal Experience

That wasn’t always possible without a special assistive device or additional software. Gokyigit began learning about computers as a child in the late 1980s, but computers were still relatively primitive and only some software could speak.

In the ’90s, things started to change, just as Gokyigit was pursuing his passion for computer science which led to a graduate degree from Cal Tech in Pasadena. At first, even operating systems were not accessible until years after their first release, he said.

“That gap became less and less over time, and now we have a pretty reasonable expectation that most things are accessible upon release,” he said. “There’s obviously certain exceptions, like things that are very graphical in nature, but your productivity applications [and] most of the day-to-day stuff is usable right of the box.”

He credits Apple and its release of the iPhone 3G back in 2008 with being the first company to design accessibility into an off-the-shelf product, making it the first mainstream device that didn’t require an extra piece of hardware or software such as the Job Access with Speech (JAWS) screen reader to work, he said.

“That was a huge thing, because prior to that point, even when things were accessible and you could make them accessible quickly, it still had a significant cost associated to it, even JAWS,” he said. “All those things cost money, and you either had to figure out a way to afford it yourself, or you had to go through agencies.”

Even with the iPhone’s accessibility features, the majority of applications were inaccessible, he added. Apple put in all the necessary design elements and a framework to design accessible apps, but developers often didn’t use them due to a lack of awareness.

1. Accessibility-First Leads to Better User Experience

Apple’s approach to building accessibility into the product from inception offers a key lesson to technologists. Waiting till after the first release makes it harder to address and it tends to get deprioritized by bugs and feature demands, Gokyigit said. It also can lead to rework and higher costs.

“You’d be surprised how many websites don’t have, for example, labeled images, alt text on images.”
— Suleyman Gokyigit, accessibility expert

“This really needs to come down from management and from the top, and it needs to be part of the whole design process,” he said.

Designing and building for accessibility also makes for a better experience for all users, said Gokyigit. He pointed to Flash, which was not accessible and created an unpleasant user experience.

“Especially with UI design, … it might look attractive when you first take a look at it, but the actual experience of using it ends up becoming more and more complicated,” said Gokyigit, who now programs in Python, Rust and Lua. “It’s the same thing with just software design in general.”

When developers are designing software, they have to think about the user experience. Lose touch with the user experience, and the product will not be received as well, he said.

“Accessibility just puts a stronger framework around what is considered to be good design. And I think people like that. It makes things less bloated, usually more efficient, faster,” he said.

2. Incomplete Accessibility Is Useless

Accessibility isn’t really something developers can roll out in stages, either, he cautioned. He’s seen that in the gaming industry, where features are supposed to be available yet often just don’t work.

“As a blind person, I’m not going to play it if it’s only 50% accessible.”
— Gokyigit

“When you’re talking about accessibility, if you go only part way, and you make some things work, but not other things, it pretty much makes the whole effort wasted,” he said. “As a blind person, I’m not going to play it if it’s only 50% accessible. That just doesn’t make any sense. So go all the way and do it correctly.”

It’s also important for frontend developers to follow web standards, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), he added.

“You’d be surprised how many websites don’t have, for example, labeled images, alt text on images,” Gokyigit said. “It just says graphic or unlabeled button. I mean, it takes two seconds to write an alt description or alt text for a button, and they don’t.”

3. The One Thing Development Teams Need to Add

Gokyigit offered his final lesson: Let developers learn about accessibility from the people who most need it.

Talking with someone who has a disability is something any company can arrange, even if no one on staff has accessibility challenges, he added.

Software development teams can start by asking around, he said, since most people know someone with a disability, he suggested. If that’s not an option, there are also companies like Applause that offer professional testing by people with disabilities, he said. Another option might be to contact organizations that support people with specific disabilities.

He also suggested reaching out to other development teams who have made technology accessibility a priority.

It’s important for programmers to meet with someone navigating a disability because it helps developers understand their challenges and it offers an unexpected benefit to developers, he said.

“When they see the impact they’re having, it’s really a motivating thing. It’s a feel-good thing, and they should feel good.”